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Edmund Germer (August 24, 1901 – August 10, 1987) was a German inventor, recognized as the father of the fluorescent lamp.His father was an accountant. He obtained a doctorate from the University of Berlin in lighting technology.
1841 Arc-lighting is used as experimental public lighting in Paris. 1853 Ignacy Łukasiewicz invents the modern kerosene lamp. 1856 glassblower Heinrich Geissler confines the electric arc in a Geissler tube. 1867 Edmond Becquerel demonstrates the first fluorescent lamp. [5] 1874 Alexander Lodygin patents an incandescent light bulb.
Fluorescent lamps come in many shapes and sizes. [50] Many compact fluorescent lamps integrate the auxiliary electronics into the base of the lamp, allowing them to fit into a regular light bulb socket. In US residences, fluorescent lamps are mostly found in kitchens, basements, or garages. Schools and businesses find the cost savings of ...
In 2009, PSE&G in New Jersey became the first utility in the US to use induction fluorescent lamps to replace mercury vapor lamps, in 220 municipalities. [24] The induction lamps were expected to last 100,000 hours before requiring maintenance and consume 30 to 40 percent less electricity, thereby saving an estimated $1 million annually. [24]
Fluorescent lighting is more energy-efficient than incandescent lighting elements. However, the uneven spectrum of traditional fluorescent lamps may cause certain colors to appear different from when illuminated by incandescent light or daylight. The mercury vapor emission spectrum is dominated by a short-wave UV line at 254 nm (which provides ...
At the emergence of fluorescent lighting in 1941, Kruithof conducted psychophysical experiments to provide a technical guide to design artificial lighting. [6] Using gas-discharge fluorescent lamps, Kruithof was able to manipulate the color of emitted light and ask observers to report as to whether or not the source was pleasing to them. The ...
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