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English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters , numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations . Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
Uncontracted braille was previously known as grade 1 braille, and contracted braille was previously known as grade 2 braille. Uncontracted braille is a direct transliteration of print words (one-to-one correspondence); hence, the word "about" would contain all the same letters in uncontracted braille as it does in inkprint.
In this grade of braille contractions are used to save space. A normal Braille page cannot fit as much text as a standard printed page. Books, signs in public places, menus, and most other Braille materials are written in Grade 2 Braille. Grade 3, which is used only in personal letters, diaries, and notes. This grade is a type of shorthand that ...
Unified English Braille is designed to be readily understood by people familiar with the literary braille (used in standard prose writing), while also including support for specialized math and science symbols, computer-related symbols (the @ sign [1] as well as more specialised programming-language syntax), foreign alphabets, and visual ...
Likewise, the values of English contracted ("Grade 2") ⠡ ch, ⠩ sh, and ⠹ th are widely used for similar sounds in other languages. An otherwise unused letter may be reassigned. For example, Tibetan Braille, which is based on German Braille, reassigns ⠉ c, ⠟ q, ⠭ x, and ⠽ y, which are redundant in German.
DIS 11 548-1 - Communication aids for blind persons Part 1: Braille identifiers and shift marks - General guidelines, 1997-06-23: N1588.1: DIS 11 548-2 - Communication aids for blind persons Part 2: Latin alphabet based character sets: L2/97-157: N1612: Report of ad-hoc group on Braille encoding, 1997-07-01: L2/97-288: N1603
Therefore, in Braille, all letters are lower-case by default, unless preceded by a capitalization sign (⠠ dot 6). The numbers 1 through 9 and 0 correspond to the letters a through j, except that they are lowered or shifted lower in the Braille cell. For example, ⠉ dots 1-4 represents c, and ⠒ dots 2-5 is 3. The other symbols may or may ...
For example, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ Nunavut is ⠕ ⠝ ⠪ ⠝ ⠕ ⠋ ⠞ in braille (literally "unanuvt"), and ᓄᓇᕕᒃ Nunavik is ⠕ ⠝ ⠪ ⠝ ⠘ ⠋ ⠅. Inuktitut syllabics are irregular for the last few letters: ng and nng are only diacritics, and require a carrying letter g to support a vowel; ł has irregular rotation, and h is a ...
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