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The infinitive has two main tenses (present and perfect) as well as a number of periphrastic tenses used in reported speech. Latin tenses do not have exact English equivalents, so that often the same tense can be translated in different ways depending on its context: for example, dūcō can be translated as 'I lead', 'I am leading' or 'I led ...
Latin is a heavily inflected language with largely free word order. Nouns are inflected for number and case; pronouns and adjectives (including participles) are inflected for number, case, and gender; and verbs are inflected for person, number, tense, aspect, voice, and mood.
Thus all those Latin verbs which in the present tense have 1st singular -ō, 2nd singular -ās, and infinitive -āre are said to belong to the 1st conjugation, those with 1st singular -eō, 2nd singular -ēs and infinitive -ēre belong to the 2nd conjugation, and so on. The number of conjugations of regular verbs is usually said to be four.
Latin conditional clauses; Latin conjugation; Latin diminutive; Latin indirect speech; Latin periphrases; Latin syntax; Latin tenses; Latin tenses (semantics) Latin tenses in commands (semantics) Latin tenses in dependent clauses; Latin tenses with modality; Latin verb paradigms; Latin word order
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
Latin example English translation Comment relative past past in present 'perfect infinitive' patrem lanium fuisse, ferunt (Livy) [15] 'they say that his father was a butcher' [the fact] that x did in English dīcitur, eō tempore mātrem Pausaniae vīxisse (Nepos) [16] 'it is said that at that time the mother of Pausanias was still living'
The Ars Grammatica or De Oratione et Partibus Orationis et Vario Genere Metrorum libri III by Diomedes Grammaticus is a Latin grammatical treatise. Diomedes probably wrote in the late 4th century AD. The treatise is dedicated to a certain Athanasius. [3] Book I the eight parts of speech; Book II the elementary ideas of grammar and of style
'almost all the things which have now been included in the Arts were once dispersed and scattered' Often, especially from the Augustan period onwards, this tense had no particular anterior meaning but was a mere variation of the perfect passive with sum. De Melo cites the following example, where the second verb is obviously not anterior to the ...