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In addition to performing in ice shows, professional skaters often compete in professional competitions, which are held throughout the world, each with its own format and rules. [4] The term "figure skating" is an English language term; the sport is called Eiskunstlauf in German and patinage artistique in French. [5]
The first international figure skating competition was in Vienna in 1882. [6] [7] Skaters were required to perform 23 compulsory figures, as well as a four-minute free skating program, and a section called "special figures", in which they had to perform moves or combinations of moves that highlighted their advanced skills. [8]
The ISU Judging System or the International Judging System (IJS), occasionally referred to as the Code of Points (COP) system, [1] is the scoring system that has been used since 2004 to judge the figure skating disciplines of men's and ladies' singles, pair skating, ice dance, and synchronized skating.
[9] [11] The ISU was the first international winter sports federation [9] to govern speed skating and figure skating, [12] [13] as it laid down the rules for speed skating, shortly followed by figure skating. [9]
The science of figure skating. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-22986-0. "The 2022-23 Official U.S. Figure Skating Rulebook". (Rulebook) Colorado Springs, Colorado: U.S Figure Skating. July 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022. "Special Regulations & Technical Rules Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2022". International Skating Union. 2022.
Spins are an element in figure skating in which the skater rotates, centered on a single point on the ice, while holding one or more body positions. They are performed by all disciplines of the sport, single skating, pair skating, and ice dance, and are a required element in most figure skating competitions.
U.S. Figure Skating is an association of clubs, governed by its members and its elected officers at national, regional and club levels. [22] As of June 2011, U.S. Figure Skating had 688 member, collegiate, and school-affiliated clubs [23] and a membership of 180,452. [23] Each member club may send delegates to the annual Governing Council meeting.
Club competitions, also known as non-qualifying competitions, organized by a local figure skating club.These events have open entries and typically many age or test level divisions, and are sanctioned by, and conducted using the rules of, the national skating federation in the country where they are held.
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