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In 1950 West German Government made a preliminary estimate of 3.0 million dead and missing whose fate needed to be clarified. [93] In 1953 the German scholar Gotthold Rhode made a demographic estimate of 3,140,000 total ethnic German dead in Central and Eastern Europe from 1939 to 1950.
The figure of 311,000 civilian deaths is included in the overall estimate of 2.2 million expulsion deaths that is often cited in historical literature. The West German search service issued its final report in 1965 detailing the losses of the German civilian population due to the flight and expulsions.
The figure of 101,000 "unresolved cases" in Romania is included in the total German expulsion dead of 2 million which is often cited in historical literature. [116] 355,000 Germans remained in Romania in 1977. During the 1980s, many began to leave, with over 160,000 leaving in 1989 alone. By 2002, the number of ethnic Germans in Romania was 60,000.
The East German Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of the GDR (2002) Steiner, André. The Plans That Failed: An Economic History of East Germany, 1945–1989 (2010) Windsor, Philip. "The Berlin Crises" History Today (June 1962) Vol. 6, p375-384, summarizes the series of crises 1946 to 1961; online.
The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. [136]
Kamusella, Tomasz (2004), "The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as 'Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland" (PDF direct download, 2.52 MB), Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees (ed.), The Expulsion of the 'German' Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War, European University Institute
1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans; German–Soviet population transfers; ... Estimates of the total number of dead range from 500,000 to 2,000,000, and the ...
Flight and expulsion of Germans during and after World War II (demographic estimates)Background; 1944–50 flight and expulsion of Germans; German–Soviet population transfers