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Association in psychology refers to a mental connection between concepts, events, or mental states that usually stems from specific experiences. [1] Associations are seen throughout several schools of thought in psychology including behaviorism , associationism , psychoanalysis , social psychology , and structuralism .
The phrase association of ideas was first used by John Locke in 1689 in Chapter 33 of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding entitled “Of the Association of Ideas″, he describes the ways that ideas can be connected to each other. [6] He writes “Some of our ideas have a natural correspondence and connection with one another”. [7]
Association of ideas, or mental association, is a process by which representations arise in consciousness, and also for a principle put forward by an important historical school of thinkers to account generally for the succession of mental phenomena. [1]
The American Psychological Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychologists in the United States, [1] and the largest psychological association in the world. It has over 157,000 members, including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students. [ 1 ]
The associations made during the learning process have a biological basis that has been studied by neuroscientists for the last few decades. The convergence of the biologically important information drives the neural plasticity that is the basis of associative memory formation. [7]
Laws of association in Aristotle's psychology. Impressions are stored in the seat of perception, linked by the laws of similarity, contrast, and contiguity.. In psychology, the principal laws of association are contiguity, repetition, attention, pleasure-pain, and similarity.
The implicit-association test (IAT) is an assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects in memory. [1] Its best-known application is the assessment of implicit stereotypes held by test subjects, such as associations between particular racial categories and stereotypes about those groups. [ 2 ]
Associations suffer when an item is shared between associations; double function pairs such as AB and BC will be harder to recall later than control pairs such as AB and CD. [8] As Caplan et al., [8] state double function pairs create what is called association ambiguity, a sharing of a common member in the pair, which leads to interference ...