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A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. [2] After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward).
Dendrogram of various classes of endogenous retroviruses. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). [1] [2]
Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), non-human primates contact with infected bat excreta, bushmeat consumption, or human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, vomit) Mediterranean spotted fever: Rickettsia conorii: dogs, rodents, other mammals tick bite Melioidosis: Burkholderia pseudomallei: various animals
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 or human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I), also called the adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1, is a retrovirus of the human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) family. Most people with HTLV-1 infection do not appear to develop health conditions that can be directly linked to the infection.
Tumor viruses come in a variety of forms: Viruses with a DNA genome, such as adenovirus, and viruses with an RNA genome, like the hepatitis C virus (HCV), can cause cancers, as can retroviruses having both DNA and RNA genomes (Human T-lymphotropic virus and hepatitis B virus, which normally replicates as a mixed double and single-stranded DNA ...
Lentivirus is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in humans and other mammalian species. [2] The genus includes the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.
The subfamily currently includes six genera, of which Lentivirus contains the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause a variety of tumors, malignancies and immune deficiency disease in humans, other mammals and birds. A few, like Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), apparently cause no disease in their natural hosts. [citation ...
XMRV is a recombinant virus observed incidentally as a result of recombination between two endogenous mouse retroviruses by prostate cancer researchers in the mid-1990s. Although it can infect human tissue, no known disease is associated with the infection [10] [11] [12] and it is unlikely to exist outside laboratories. [13]