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The thymus (pl.: thymuses or thymi) is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.Within the thymus, thymus cell lymphocytes or T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders.
Known as "Thymosin Fraction 5", this was able to restore some aspects of immune function in animals lacking thymus gland. Fraction 5 was found to contain over 40 small peptides (molecular weights ranging from 1000 to 15,000 Da.), [ 4 ] which were named "thymosins" and classified as α, β and γ thymosins on the basis of their behaviour in an ...
7112 21917 Ensembl ENSG00000120802 ENSMUSG00000019961 UniProt P42166 P42167 Q61029 Q61033 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001032283 NM_001032284 NM_001307975 NM_003276 NM_001080129 NM_001080130 NM_001080131 NM_001080132 NM_001080134 NM_011605 NM_001283048 RefSeq (protein) NP_001027454 NP_001027455 NP_001294904 NP_003267 NP_001027454.1 NP_001027455.1 NP_001294904.1 NP_001027454.1 NP_001073598 NP_001073599 NP ...
Other organs, such as the kidneys, also have roles within the endocrine system by secreting certain hormones. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is known as endocrinology . The thyroid secretes thyroxine , the pituitary secretes growth hormone , the pineal secretes melatonin , the testis secretes testosterone , and the ovaries ...
Thymulin (also known as thymic factor or its old name facteur thymique serique) is a nonapeptide produced by two distinct epithelial populations in the thymus first described by Bach in 1977. [1]
The archetypical β-thymosin is β 4 (product in humans of the TMSB4X gene), which is a major cellular constituent in many tissues. Its intracellular concentration may reach as high as 0.5 mM. [10] Following Thymosin α1, β 4 was the second of the biologically active peptides from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized ...
Thyroid hormones are essential to proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, affecting how human cells use energetic compounds. They also stimulate vitamin metabolism. Numerous physiological and pathological stimuli influence thyroid hormone ...
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae).