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18 km 3 (4.3 cu mi) of tephra [2] Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand: 250 BC ±75: 6: more than 10 km 3 (2.4 cu mi) of tephra [2] Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, Canada: 400 BC ±50: 5: Mount Tongariro, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: 550 BC ±200: 5: 1.2 km 3 (0.29 cu mi) of tephra [2] Pinatubo, island of Luzon ...
The formation of 3 to 4 km (1.9 to 2.5 mi) thick ice sheets equate to a global sea level drop of about 120 m (390 ft) The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing.
Coquina obtained from this formation on Anastasia Island was used to construct Castillo de San Marcos during the late 17th century; a local material, it was relatively easy to quarry and proved to be effective for absorbing cannon damage. [3] This formation is an integral part of the surficial aquifer system. [4] [5] [6]
Map of the distribution of Middle Pleistocene cleaver finds. Homo erectus emerges just after 2 million years ago. [11] Early H. erectus would have lived face to face with H. habilis in East Africa for nearly half a million years. [12]
Probable causes [2] Quaternary: Holocene extinction: c. 10,000 BC – Ongoing: Humans [3] Quaternary extinction event: 640,000, 74,000, and 13,000 years ago: Unknown; may include climate changes, massive volcanic eruptions and Humans (largely by human overhunting) [4] [5] [6] Neogene: Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary extinction: 2 Ma
The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as the Upper Pleistocene from a stratigraphic perspective. It is intended to be the fourth division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently defined as the time between c. 129,000 and c ...
The Pleistocene (/ ˈ p l aɪ s t ə ˌ s iː n,-s t oʊ-/ PLY-stə-seen, -stoh-; [4] [5] referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from c. 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
[4] [8] Overall, during the Late Pleistocene about 65% of all megafaunal species worldwide became extinct, [9] rising to 72% in North America, 83% in South America and 88% in Australia, [10] with all mammals over 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) becoming extinct in Australia and the Americas, [1] and around 80% globally. [11]