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Diamond mining in India extends back into antiquity. From ancient times, India was the source of nearly all the world's known diamonds, and until diamonds were discovered in Brazil in 1726, India was the only place where diamonds were mined. India has not been a major diamond-producing country since the 1900s, but diamond mining continues.
The Golconda diamondiferous region is located in the Southern Indian peninsular shield, [2] which was formed during the process of proterozoic and Insular India. [3] The region is spread over 50,000 km 2 (19,000 sq mi), within the sediments of the Krishna-Pennar river basin and Deccan Traps, [2] and contains 120 out of the 150 kimberlite pipes in India. [4]
Diamond mine in the Golconda region 1725 CE from the collection of Pieter van der Aa—a Dutch publisher known for preparing maps and atlases.. The period of peak production of the Golconda diamonds (in the present-day states Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India) was under the Qutb Shahi dynasty (16th century – 17th century CE), and the region was also known as the "Golconda Sultanate".
The mining of diamonds and its early use as gemstones originated in India. [65] Golconda served as an important early center for diamond mining and processing. [65] Diamonds were then exported to other parts of the world. [65] Early reference to diamonds comes from Sanskrit texts. [66] The Arthashastra also mentions diamond trade in the region ...
Golconda is renowned for the diamonds found on the south-east at Kollur Mine near Kollur, Guntur district, Paritala and Atkur in Krishna district and cut in the city during the Kakatiya reign. At that time, India had the only known diamond mines in the world. Golconda was the market city of the diamond trade, and gems sold there came from a ...
It is unclear when diamonds were first mined in India, although estimated to be at least 5,000 years ago. [227] India remained the world's only source of diamonds until the discovery of diamonds in Brazil in the 18th century. [228] [229] [230] Golconda served as an important centre for diamonds in central India. [231]
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Kollur Mine was a series of gravel-clay pits on the south bank of the Krishna River in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. [1] It has produced many large diamonds, known as Golconda diamonds, several of which are or have been a part of crown jewels. The mine was established in the 16th century and operated until the 19th century.