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By midcentury, much leisure shifted to Lake Michigan. The first City of Chicago Public Beach opened in Lincoln Park in 1895. [2] Today, the entire 28 miles (45 km) Chicago lakefront shoreline is reclaimed land, and primarily used for public parks. [3] In the parks, there are 24 sand beaches along the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan. [4]
The Chicago Lakefront Trail (LFT [1]) is a 18.5-mile-long (29.8 km) [2] partial shared-use path for walking, jogging, skateboarding, and cycling, located along the western shore of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois. The trail passes through and connects Chicago's four major lakefront parks along with various beaches and recreational amenities.
A reversal flow of the Chicago River into Lake Michigan would have a negative impact on navigation and on the quality of Lake Michigan water, which is the source of drinking water. [5] Chicago's raw sewage in the river is normally carried upstream toward the Mississippi River which flows south towards the Gulf of Mexico.
The Calumet beach opens into the Chicago outlet, and is 20 feet (6.1 m) or 25 feet (7.6 m) below the Glenwood beach. It stands about 35 feet (11 m) above Lake Michigan at the southern end. [3] Along much of the east and west shores the beach has been eroded by the lake. Along these shores, it is more than 12 miles (19 km) from the lake.
In a more narrow sense, the Chicago Harbor is that artificial harbor on Lake Michigan located at the mouth of the Chicago River bounded by outer breakwaters to the north and east, Northerly Island to the south, and the Chicago shoreline to the west. The main entrance to this harbor is marked by the Chicago Harbor Lighthouse.
The edge of the retreating glacier formed moraines, the Park Moraine in present-day Illinois and the Lake Borders Moraine in Indiana and Michigan. [4] Early Lake Chicago at the edge of the ice sheet, near the head of the Chicago Outlet River, lower left Map of Glacial lakes Whittlesey, Saginaw and Chicago, based on the USGS Report of 1915 ...
Map of the shoreline of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Chicago River at intervals from 1821 to 1902. Before the American settlement of the Chicago area, the lake shoreline fluctuated from year to year as storm waves eroded parts of the shore and built up the shore elsewhere. [6]
The Glenwood beach is the highest of the Lake Chicago beaches. In the Wisconsin it lies close to the shore of Lake Michigan. To the north, it has been destroyed by Lakes Nipissing and Algonquin and modern Lake Michigan. Southward into Illinois the remnants are broken, until the area of Winnetka.