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Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [Note 1] and negligibly by the tires' rolling resistance and vehicle's air drag.
Stopping sight distance is one of several types of sight distance used in road design. It is a near worst-case distance a vehicle driver needs to be able to see in order to have room to stop before colliding with something in the roadway, such as a pedestrian in a crosswalk, a stopped vehicle, or road debris .
Extra time should be added for wet, rainy, slippery, foggy or other weather situations accordingly. [8] For heavy duty commercial vehicles it is recommended 4-6 seconds following distance for speeds under 30 mi/h (48 km/h), and 6-8 seconds following distance for speeds over 30 mi/h (48 km/h). [ 9 ]
The rule is not a guide to safe stopping distance, it is more a guide to reaction times. The two-second rule tells a defensive driver the minimum distance needed to reduce the risk of collision under ideal driving conditions. The allotted two-seconds is a safety buffer, to allow the following driver time to respond.
These include advisory rules with the wording 'should' and 'should not' or 'do' or 'do not'. The latest official printed version of the Highway Code is the one in force at any time, but in legal proceedings the version current at the time of the incident applies. The Road Traffic Act 1988 states:
A mileage sign, sometimes also called a route confirmation sign or simply a distance sign in certain contexts, is a type of road sign along highways that displays the distance from the current point on a highway to a certain city, destination, or a junction to another highway. Their purpose is to inform drivers of the distance to a destination ...
Then it is possible to relate a safe driving speed to a given sight distance, or a safe sight distance to a given driving speed. On a one-lane road with two-way traffic, or a two-lane road where vehicles may use both lanes, the stopping distance must even remain below half the sight distance.
The time to traverse your stopping distance at travel speed should not be confused with the braking time to come to a full stop, which is a number nearly twice this value ( t= v / μ g +t ptr). As one is continually slowing down while braking, it will naturally take longer to get to the stopping limit.
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