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The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes. [5] A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling. [6]
Rarely, intraosseous ganglion cysts occur, sometimes in combination with a cyst in the overlying soft tissue. [6] [16] Rare cases of intramuscular ganglion cysts in the gastrocnemius muscle of the calf have been reported. [17] [18] It is possible for a cyst to be considerably displaced
Baker's cysts arise between the tendons of the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus muscles. They are posterior to the medial femoral condyle . The synovial sac of the knee joint can, under certain circumstances, produce a posterior bulge, into the popliteal space , the space behind the knee.
Knee diagram. Structures on the medial side of the knee include the tibia, femur, vastus medialis obliquus muscle, semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendon, sartorius tendon, adductor magnus tendon, medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, semimembranosus tendon, medial meniscus, medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), sMCL, dMCL, and POL. It has ...
Some unicameral bone cysts may spontaneously resolve without medical intervention. Specific treatments are determined based on the size of the cyst, the strength of the bone, medical history, extent of the disease, activity level, symptoms an individual is experiencing, and tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies. [3]
The gastrocnemius also flexes the leg at the knee. Both muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve. [14] Because the fibres of the tendon spiral about 90 degrees, fibres from the gastrocnemius tend to attach to the outer part of the bone, whereas fibres from the soleus tend to attach closer to the midline. [11]
Biarticular muscles cross two joints in series, usually in a limb. The details of the origin (proximal attachment) and insertion (distal attachment) can play a large role in determining muscle function. For instance, the human gastrocnemius technically spans both the knee and ankle joints.
Diagram showing named veins. Perforator veins exist along the length of the lower limb, in greater number in the leg (anatomical ref to below knee) than in the thigh. Some veins are named after the physician who first described them: Dodd's perforator at the inferior 1/3 of the thigh; Boyd's perforator at the knee level