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  2. Model organism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_organism

    Escherichia coli is a gram-negative prokaryotic model organism Drosophila melanogaster, one of the most famous subjects for genetics experiments Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology. A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand ...

  3. Animal disease model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_disease_model

    An animal model (short for animal disease model) is a living, non-human, often genetic-engineered animal used during the research and investigation of human disease, for the purpose of better understanding the disease process without the risk of harming a human. Although biological activity in an animal model does not ensure an effect in humans ...

  4. List of model organisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_model_organisms

    Stentor coeruleus, used in molecular biology (its genome has been sequenced), [5] and is studied as a model of single-cell regeneration.; Dictyostelium discoideum, used in molecular biology and genetics (its genome has been sequenced), and is studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death.

  5. Humanized mouse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanized_mouse

    A humanized mouse is a genetically modified mouse that has functioning human genes, cells, tissues and/or organs. [1] Humanized mice are commonly used as small animal models in biological and medical research for human therapeutics.

  6. Chicken as biological research model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_as_biological...

    The chicken embryo is a unique model that overcomes many limitations to studying the biology of cancer in vivo. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a well-vascularized extra-embryonic tissue located underneath the eggshell, has a successful history as a biological platform for the molecular analysis of cancer including viral oncogenesis, [8] carcinogenesis, [9] tumor xenografting, [1] [10] [11 ...

  7. Cell culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture

    It provides an in vitro model of the tissue in a well defined environment which can be easily manipulated and analysed. In animal tissue culture, cells may be grown as two-dimensional monolayers (conventional culture) or within fibrous scaffolds or gels to attain more naturalistic three-dimensional tissue-like structures (3D culture).

  8. Knockout mouse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout_mouse

    The embryonic stem cells that incorporated the knocked-out gene are isolated from the unaltered cells using the marker gene from step 1. For example, the unaltered cells can be killed using a toxic agent to which the altered cells are resistant. The knocked-out embryonic stem cells from step 4 are inserted into a mouse blastocyst. For this ...

  9. Cellular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_model

    A cellular model is a mathematical model of aspects of a biological cell, for the purposes of in silico research. Developing such models has been a task of systems biology and mathematical biology .

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