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The wood is also used for the hubs of wagon wheels, as it is very shock resistant owing to the interlocking grain. [30] The wood, as 'red elm', is sometimes used to make bows for archery. The yoke of the Liberty Bell, a symbol of the independence of the United States, was made from slippery elm. [31]
Elm wood Elm in boatbuilding: John Constable, Boat-Building Near Flatford Mill, 1815 (landscape with hybrid elms Ulmus × hollandica [11]) English longbow of elm. Elm wood is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wagon-wheel hubs, chair seats, and coffins.
Ulmus crassifolia Nutt., the Texas cedar elm or simply cedar elm, is a deciduous tree native to south-central North America, mainly in southern and eastern Texas, southern Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, with small populations in western Mississippi, southwest Tennessee, and north-central Florida; [2] it also occurs in northeastern Mexico.
The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Rubra' was reputedly cloned from a tree found by Vilmorin in a wood near Verrières-le-Buisson in the 1830s. [1] [2] It was listed in the 1869 Catalogue of Simon-Louis, Metz, France, as Ulmus campestris rubra, [3] and by Planchon in de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1873) as Ulmus libero-rubra: 'Orme à liber rouge' [:elm with red inner ...
Elm. American elm (Ulmus americana) English elm (Ulmus procera) Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii) Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra) Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) Eucalyptus. Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis) White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens) [6] Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
Cross-section of an unprocessed piece of ebony wood. Ebony is a dense black/brown hardwood, coming from several species in the genus Diospyros, which also includes the persimmon tree. A few Diospyros species, such as macassar and mun ebony, are dense enough to sink in water.
Ulmus glabra, the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese and Sicily, where the species reaches its southern limit in Europe; [2] it is also found in Iran.
The wood of the rock elm is the hardest and heaviest of all elms, and where forest-grown remains comparatively free of knots and other defects. It is also very strong and takes a high polish, and consequently was once in great demand in America and Europe for a wide range of uses, notably boatbuilding, furniture, agricultural tools, and musical instruments.