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  2. Mutation–selection balance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation–selection_balance

    Mutation–selection balance then gives = /, and so the frequency of deleterious alleles is = /. [1] This equilibrium frequency is potentially substantially larger than for the case of partial dominance, because a large number of mutant alleles are carried in heterozygotes and are shielded from selection.

  3. Ka/Ks ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka/Ks_ratio

    The K a /K s ratio is used to infer the direction and magnitude of natural selection acting on protein coding genes. A ratio greater than 1 implies positive or Darwinian selection (driving change); less than 1 implies purifying or stabilizing selection (acting against change); and a ratio of exactly 1 indicates neutral (i.e. no) selection.

  4. Neutral theory of molecular evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_theory_of...

    In large populations, selection can decrease the frequency of slightly deleterious mutations, therefore acting as if they are deleterious. However, in small populations, genetic drift can more easily overcome selection, causing slightly deleterious mutations to act as if they are neutral and drift to fixation or loss. [31]

  5. Fixation index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_index

    Fst values between European populations. The fixation index (F ST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure.It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites.

  6. Minor allele frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_allele_frequency

    1. Introduce the reference of a SNP of interest, as an example: rs429358, in a database (dbSNP or other). 2. Find MAF/MinorAlleleCount link. MAF/MinorAlleleCount: C=0.1506/754 (1000 Genomes, where number of genomes sampled = N = 2504); [4] where C is the minor allele for that particular locus; 0.1506 is the frequency of the C allele (MAF), i.e. 15% within the 1000 Genomes database; and 754 is ...

  7. Models of DNA evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Models_of_DNA_evolution

    If the primary effect of natural selection on the evolution of the sequences is to constrain some sites, then models of among-site rate-heterogeneity can be used. This approach allows one to estimate only one matrix of relative rates of substitution, and another set of parameters describing the variance in the total rate of substitution across ...

  8. Genetic variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_variance

    Ronald Fisher in 1913. Genetic variance is a concept outlined by the English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher in his fundamental theorem of natural selection.In his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Fisher postulates that the rate of change of biological fitness can be calculated by the genetic variance of the fitness itself. [1]

  9. Sample size determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination

    The table shown on the right can be used in a two-sample t-test to estimate the sample sizes of an experimental group and a control group that are of equal size, that is, the total number of individuals in the trial is twice that of the number given, and the desired significance level is 0.05. [4]

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