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The Irish Free State (6 December 1922 – 29 December 1937), also known by its Irish name Saorstát Éireann (English: / ˌ s ɛər s t ɑː t ˈ ɛər ə n / SAIR-staht AIR-ən, [4] Irish: [ˈsˠiːɾˠsˠt̪ˠaːt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]), was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921.
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Political map of present-day Ireland. The Partition of Ireland (Irish: críochdheighilt na hÉireann) was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK) divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland (today known as the Republic of Ireland, or simply Ireland).
The Irish name for Ireland is Éire, deriving from Ériu, a goddess in Irish mythology. [22] The state created in 1922, comprising 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland, was "styled and known as the Irish Free State" (Saorstát Éireann). [23]
A map showing the current Irish border. The repartition of Ireland has been suggested as a possible solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland.In 1922 Ireland was partitioned on county lines, and left Northern Ireland with a mixture of both unionists, who wish to remain in the United Kingdom, and nationalists, who wish to join a United Ireland.
See also: French State (incl. occupation zone) – 1942, Military Administration in France – 1942, Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France – 1942 Germany/Holy Roman Empire Frankish Empire – 814
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island.They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control came to be established at a county level.
The Free State government and Irish nationalists hoped for a large transfer of territory to the Free State, as many border areas had nationalist majorities. Many believed this would leave the remaining Northern Ireland territory too small to be viable. [65]