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In 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by an Islamic Revolution in Iran, replacing its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Shortly after, the leader of the Revolution, a senior Islamic jurist named Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, also transliterated Khumaynî, successfully supported referendums to declare Iran an Islamic Republic in March 1979, and to approve a ...
The Islamic Republic of Iran is an Islamic theocracy headed by a Supreme Leader. Its constitution was approved in 1979 and amended in 1989. Jaafari school of thought is the official religion. Theocratic bodies supervise the government which has an elected president and elected governmental bodies at the national, provincial and local levels.
Britannica and various authors noted that the policies of Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Soviet Union, contributed to the establishment of a totalitarian system in the USSR, [3] [7] but while some authors, such as Leszek Kolakowski, believed Stalinist totalitarianism to be a continuation of Leninism [7] and directly called Lenin's ...
Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei at the head of Iran, an Iranian poster. Iran has been described as a "theocratic republic" by various sources, [29] [30] [31] including the CIA World Factbook. [32] Its constitution has been described as a "hybrid" of "theocratic and democratic elements" by Francis Fukuyama. [33]
Made up of bazaari and political clergy, [29] it worked to establish theocratic government by velayat-e faqih in Iran, outmaneuvering opponents and wielding power on the street through the Hezbollah. The first komiteh or Revolutionary Committees "sprang up everywhere" as autonomous organizations in late 1978.
Pakistan first adopted the title under the constitution of 1956. Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958. Iran adopted it after the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. Despite having similar names, the countries differ greatly in their governments and laws. Iran and Mauritania are religious theocratic states. [2]
The first major demonstrations with the intent to overthrow the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978, [8] with a new, Islam-based, theocratic Constitution being approved in December 1979, ending the monarchy. The Shah left Iran for exile [9] in January 1979 after large strikes and demonstrations against him and his regime paralyzed ...
Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.