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A cyanotic heart defect is any congenital heart defect (CHD) that occurs due to deoxygenated blood bypassing the lungs and entering the systemic circulation, or a mixture of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation.
Most congenital heart defects are not associated with other diseases. [3] A complication of CHD is heart failure. [2] Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. [3] [11] In 2015, they were present in 48.9 million people globally. [8] They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births, depending upon how they are diagnosed.
Some babies are born with heart defects which compromise blood flow to the body. In some defects, including tetralogy of Fallot, aortic valvular atresia, and Eisenmenger pulmonary hypertension, alprostadil is given intravenously by a nurse until surgery can be performed to repair the defect. [7] The medication maintains a patent ductus ...
Out of all the babies born with congenital heart defects, about 25 % have cyanosis as a result. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic cardiac heart defect. [37] Methemoglobinemia is considered to be rare, with acquired methemoglobinemia encountered more than the congenital form. [38]
cyanotic d-TGA + VSD neonate (unpalliated and pre-operative) Due to the low oxygen saturation of the blood, cyanosis will appear in peripheral areas: around the mouth and lips, fingertips, and toes; these areas are furthest from the heart, and since the circulated blood is not fully oxygenated to begin with, very little oxygen reaches the peripheral arteries. [2]
Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2), also known as dinoprostone, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin with oxytocic properties that is used as a medication. [2] [3] [4] Dinoprostone is used in labor induction, bleeding after delivery, termination of pregnancy, and in newborn babies to keep the ductus arteriosus open.
The following are medications commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents. The specificity of the following medications is highly variable, and often are not particularly specific to a given class. As such, they are listed as are commonly accepted.
Infants with TOF – a cyanotic heart disease – have low blood oxygen saturation. [17] Blood oxygenation varies greatly from one patient to another depending on the severity of the anatomic defects. [10] Typical ranges vary from 60% to around 90%. [17]
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