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The Cooperative Weather Observer network consists of manual observations of only a few variables and consists of daily summaries rather than being continuous (i.e. real-time). Because of these limitations and other sensor limitations, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] as well as to attain a denser network of observations, there has been a move to supplement the coop ...
Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) is a program initiated by the World Meteorological Organization. AMDAR is used to collect meteorological data worldwide by using commercial aircraft . Data is collected by the aircraft navigation systems and the onboard standard temperature and static pressure probes.
A typical METAR contains data for the airport identifier, time of observation, wind direction and speed, visibility, current weather phenomena such as precipitation, cloud cover and heights, temperature, dew point, and barometric pressure. This information forms the body of the report, consisting a maximum of 11 groups of information.
TAF indicates that the following is a terminal aerodrome forecast. This line may also indicate an amended forecast (TAF AMD) or a corrected forecast (TAF COR) [3] KXYZ indicates the airport to which the forecast applies (ICAO airport code). 051730Z indicates that the report was issued on the 5th of the month at 1730 UTC (also known as Zulu ...
TAMDAR (Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting) [1] is a weather monitoring system that consists of an in situ atmospheric sensor mounted on commercial aircraft for data gathering. It collects information similar to that collected by radiosondes carried aloft by weather balloons .
A pilot report or PIREP is a report of actual flight or ground conditions encountered by an aircraft. Reports commonly include information about atmospheric conditions (like temperature , icing , turbulence ) or airport conditions (like runway condition codes or ground equipment failures).
A major function of ACARS is to automatically detect and report the start of each major flight phase, called OOOI events in the industry (out of the gate, off the ground, on the ground, and into the gate). [7] These OOOI events are detected using input from aircraft sensors mounted on doors, parking brakes, and struts. At the start of each ...
ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model (IWXXM) is a format for reporting weather information in XML/GML.IWXXM includes XML/GML-based representations for products standardized in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex III, such as METAR/SPECI, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET, Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA), Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA), [1] Space Weather Advisory and World Area ...