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In non-voluntary relinquishments, at any given point in time, approximately 100,000 children are eligible for adoption through the foster care system. [10] Nearly all of these children are school-age (age 5 to 17); younger children tend to be disabled or have siblings that should be adopted as a group. [10]
Jean M. Paton (1908 – 2002) was an American adoptee rights activist who worked to reverse harmful policies, practices, and laws concerning adoption and closed records. Paton founded the adoptee support and search network Orphan Voyage in 1953, helping connect adoptees with their birthparents, and was instrumental in the creation of the ...
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (AACWA) was enacted by the US Government on June 17, 1980. Its purpose is to establish a program of adoption assistance; strengthen the program of foster care assistance for needy and dependent children; and improve the child welfare, social services, and aid to families with dependent children programs.
Transracial adoption—in Western countries, usually involving non-white children and white adults—is a contentious issue. [11] Transracial adoptees often face specific challenges, including a lack of diversity in their environment, racism from adoptive family members, and a lack of connection with their birth culture. [ 12 ]
The number of adoptions is reported to be constant since 1987. Since 2000, adoption by type has generally been approximately 15% international adoptions, 40% from government agencies responsible for child welfare, and 45% other, such as voluntary adoptions through private adoption agencies or by stepparents and other family members. [66]
In 2020, there were 407,493 children in foster care in the United States. [14] 45% were in non-relative foster homes, 34% were in relative foster homes, 6% in institutions, 4% in group homes, 4% on trial home visits (where the child returns home while under state supervision), 4% in pre-adoptive homes, 1% had run away, and 2% in supervised independent living. [14]
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