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Because actual rather than absolute values of the forecast errors are used in the formula, positive and negative forecast errors can offset each other; as a result, the formula can be used as a measure of the bias in the forecasts. A disadvantage of this measure is that it is undefined whenever a single actual value is zero.
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...
For example, if the length measurement L was high by ten percent, then the estimate of g would also be high by ten percent. If the period T was under estimated by 20 percent, then the estimate of g would be over estimated by 40 percent (note the negative sign for the T term).
In metrology, measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a quantity measured on an interval or ratio scale.. All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measurement result is complete only when it is accompanied by a statement of the associated uncertainty, such as the standard deviation.
Similarly, one can use a multiple of the basic measurement unit: 8.0 km is equivalent to 8.0 × 10 3 m. It indicates a margin of 0.05 km (50 m). It indicates a margin of 0.05 km (50 m). However, reliance on this convention can lead to false precision errors when accepting data from sources that do not obey it.
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In order for the final HEP calculation to be valid, the following assumptions are required to be fulfilled: There exists a seismic event initiator that leads to the establishment of air-based ventilation on the ITP processing tanks 48 and 49, possibly 50 in some cases.