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7 May — Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion Fighter Group, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces. 28 May — Volkswagen, state-owned carmaker, is formed to produce the new people's car. [1] 8 June — Carl Orff's Carmina Burana premieres in Frankfurt, Germany.
The Deutschland incident of 1937 occurred in May of that year, during the Spanish Civil War. On 29 May 1937, a pair of Tupolev SB Soviet bombers attached to the Spanish Republican Air Force raided Nationalist air bases and the port of Ibiza, in the Mediterranean Sea. The aircraft departed from the airbase of Los Alcázares, near Cartagena. [1]
The bombing of Jaén was an aerial attack on the city of Jaén on 1 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany, who fought for the rebels. The bombing was ordered by the General Queipo de Llano , as retaliation for a Republican air raid on the city of Córdoba .
The death toll of the Spanish Civil War is far from clear and remains—especially in part related to war and postwar repression—controversial. Many general historiographic works—notably in Spain—refrain from advancing any figures or at best propose general descriptions.
[6] [7] Soviet archives claim 800 deaths on 1 May 1937, but this number may not include victims who later died of their injuries in hospitals or whose bodies were discovered buried in the rubble. [8] The bombing is the subject of the anti-war painting Guernica by Pablo Picasso, which was commissioned by the Spanish Republic.
In the years following the Spanish Civil War, Hitler gave several possible motives for German involvement. Among these were the distraction it provided from German re-militarisation; the prevention of the spread of communism to Western Europe; the creation of a state friendly to Germany to disrupt Britain and France; and the possibilities for economic expansion. [3]
In April 1937, the Non-intervention Committee established naval patrols in order to patrol the Spanish coasts and harbors. The naval patrols were furnished by Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. [1] The Spanish Republican Air Force carried out attacks against the harbor of Mallorca, a known Nationalist naval base.
An explosion on the Spanish Navy battleship Jaime I killed at least 200 crew while the ship was in harbor at Cartagena. [92] [93] A state funeral was held in Germany for 31 victims of the May 29 Deutschland incident. [94] The adventure film King Solomon's Mines premiered in the United Kingdom.