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  2. Peptidoglycan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan

    Peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan layer within the bacterial cell wall is a crystal lattice structure formed from linear chains of two alternating amino sugars, namely N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc or NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc or NAM).

  3. Bacterial cell structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure

    The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cell membrane. Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) residues in equal amounts.

  4. Bacterial outer membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_outer_membrane

    The composition of the outer membrane is distinct from that of the inner cytoplasmic cell membrane - among other things, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex lipopolysaccharide whose lipid portion acts as an endotoxin - and in some bacteria such as E. coli it is linked to the cell's ...

  5. Lipopolysaccharide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide

    Structure of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lipopolysaccharide, now more commonly known as endotoxin, [1] is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella [2] with a common structural architecture.

  6. Cell envelope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_envelope

    The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan (poly-N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid), which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape. It is ...

  7. Arabinogalactan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan

    The microbial arabinogalactan is a major structural component of the mycobacterial cell wall. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Both the arabinose and galactose exist solely in the furanose configuration. The galactan portion of microbial arabinogalactan is linear, consisting of approximately 30 units with alternating β-(1-5) and β-(1-6) glycosidic linkages .

  8. Teichoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teichoic_acid

    Structure of a teichoic acid repeat unit from Micrococcaceae Structure of the lipoteichoic acid polymer. Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) [1] are bacterial copolymers [2] of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds.

  9. Cell wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_wall

    A plant cell wall was first observed and named (simply as a "wall") by Robert Hooke in 1665. [3] However, "the dead excrusion product of the living protoplast" was forgotten, for almost three centuries, being the subject of scientific interest mainly as a resource for industrial processing or in relation to animal or human health.