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  2. Paradox of tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance

    Popper underlines the importance of rational argument, drawing attention to the fact that many intolerant philosophies reject rational argument and thus prevent calls for tolerance from being received on equal terms: [1] Less well known [than other paradoxes] is the paradox of tolerance: Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of ...

  3. Zero tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_tolerance

    According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the first recorded use of the term "zero tolerance" was in 1972 and was originally used in US politics. [8]However, the term appears as early as 1939 in reference to plant diseases ("While a zero tolerance may seem a severe penalty ..."), [9] in 1942 in reference to optical equipment ("They cut and polish glass precisely to 'zero tolerance ...

  4. Toleration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toleration

    Sculpture Für Toleranz ("for tolerance") by Volkmar Kühn, Gera, Germany Toleration is when one allows or permits an action, idea, object, or person that they dislike or disagree with. Political scientist Andrew R. Murphy explains that "We can improve our understanding by defining 'toleration' as a set of social or political practices and ...

  5. Cultural relativism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_relativism

    Steward and others argued that any attempt to apply the principle of cultural relativism to moral problems would only end in contradiction: either a principle that seems to stand for tolerance ends up being used to excuse intolerance, or the principle of tolerance is revealed to be utterly intolerant of any society that seems to lack the ...

  6. A Critique of Pure Tolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Critique_of_Pure_Tolerance

    A Critique of Pure Tolerance received a negative review from the sociologist Nathan Glazer in the American Sociological Review. [7] The book was also reviewed by the philosopher John Herman Randall Jr. in The Journal of Philosophy and L. Del Grosso Destreri in Studi di Sociologia.

  7. Contact hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_hypothesis

    In some subfields of criminology, psychology, and sociology, intergroup contact has been described as one of the best ways to improve relations among groups in conflict. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Nonetheless, the effects of intergroup contact vary widely from context to context, and empirical inquiry continues to this day.

  8. The Open Society and Its Enemies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its...

    The Open Society and Its Enemies is a work on political philosophy by the philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author presents a "defence of the open society against its enemies", [1] and offers a critique of theories of teleological historicism, according to which history unfolds inexorably according to universal laws.

  9. History of sociology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sociology

    Sociology as a scholarly discipline emerged, primarily out of Enlightenment thought, as a positivist science of society shortly after the French Revolution.Its genesis owed to various key movements in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of knowledge, arising in reaction to such issues as modernity, capitalism, urbanization, rationalization, secularization, colonization and imperialism.