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As the subclavian vein is large, central and relatively superficial, the right subclavian vein is often used to place central venous lines. [4] [5] It is less commonly used than other approaches, such as the right internal jugular vein, due to the risk of pneumothorax, haemothorax, and puncture of the accompanying subclavian artery. [5] [6]
The subclavian arteries are relatively superficial, and can be seen using ultrasound. [8] Aberrant right subclavian artery is a condition where the right subclavian artery arises on the arch of aorta distal to the left subclavian artery, instead of brachiocephalic trunk. This condition occurs in about 0.4 to 1.8% of the general population.
The internal thoracic artery arises from the anterior surface of the subclavian artery near its origin. [2] [3] It has a width of between 1-2 mm. [4] It travels downward on the inside of the rib cage, approximately 1 cm from the sides of the sternum, [3] and thus medial to the nipple. It is accompanied by the internal thoracic vein.
Brachial artery and brachial veins; Anterior tibial artery and anterior tibial veins; Posterior tibial artery and posterior tibial veins; Fibular artery and fibular veins; Examples of arteries that do not have venae comitantes (i.e. those that have "regular" veins): Axillary artery and the axillary vein; Subclavian artery and the subclavian vein
The left and right external jugular veins drain into the subclavian veins. The internal jugular veins join with the subclavian veins more medially to form the brachiocephalic veins. Finally, the left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. [2]
The tunica media may (especially in arteries) be rich in vascular smooth muscle, which controls the caliber of the vessel. Veins do not have the external elastic lamina, but only an internal one. The tunica media is thicker in the arteries rather than the veins. The outer layer is the tunica adventitia and the thickest layer in veins. It is ...
The external jugular vein runs vertically downward behind the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, to terminate in the subclavian vein; it receives the transverse cervical and transverse scapular veins, which form a plexus in front of the artery, and occasionally a small vein which crosses the clavicle from the cephalic.
The axillary artery is accompanied by the axillary vein, [2] which lies medial to the artery, along its length. In the axilla, the axillary artery is surrounded by the brachial plexus . [ 2 ] The second part of the axillary artery is the reference for the locational descriptions of the cords in the brachial plexus .