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A nucleolar detention center (DC) is a region of the cell in which certain proteins are temporarily detained in periods of cellular stress. [1] DCs are absent from cells under normal culture conditions, but form in response to specific environmental triggers.
DHX9 is a distinct stress granule that has helicase activity capable of acting on double-stranded RNA, but not on DNA, to promote cell survival. [14] DHX9 acts as a non-membrane bound cytoplasmic compartment to safeguard daughter cells from parental RNA damage. [14]
Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP, or CLIP-seq) is a method used in molecular biology that combines UV crosslinking with immunoprecipitation in order to identify RNA binding sites of proteins on a transcriptome-wide scale, thereby increasing our understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory networks.
Nucleoli are made of proteins, DNA and RNA, and form around specific chromosomal regions called nucleolar organizing regions. Malfunction of the nucleolus is the cause of several human conditions called "nucleolopathies" [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and the nucleolus is being investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy .
Cellular stress response is the wide range of molecular changes that cells undergo in response to environmental stressors, including extremes of temperature, exposure to toxins, and mechanical damage. Cellular stress responses can also be caused by some viral infections. [1]
Normal replication stress occurs at low to mild levels and induces genomic instability, which can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. [18] However, high levels of replication stress have been shown to kill cancer cells. In one study, researchers sought to determine the effects of inducing high levels of replication stress on cancer cells.
A new study explains how mitochondria act as “reservoirs” to store NAD for cells to use, which could help scientists come up with NAD-boosting therapies to combat aging and age-related diseases.
SUMO-2/3 modifications seem to be involved specifically in the stress response. [11] SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 can form mixed chains, however, because SUMO-1 does not contain the internal SUMO consensus sites found in SUMO-2/3, it is thought to terminate these poly-SUMO chains. [ 12 ]