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Charge can flow as electrons or ionic chemical species. By this definition, liquid water is not an electrical insulator, and, hence, liquid water is not a dielectric. The self-ionization of water is a process in which a small proportion of water molecules dissociate into positive and negative ions. It is this process that gives pure liquid ...
In certain semiconductors, excited electrons can relax by emitting light instead of producing heat. [10] Controlling the semiconductor composition and electrical current allows for the manipulation of the emitted light's properties. [11] These semiconductors are used in the construction of light-emitting diodes and fluorescent quantum dots.
A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors) for its function. Its conductivity lies between conductors and insulators.
-Small countries suddenly become major players in global geopolitics. In the oil era, think of Saudi Arabia and Iran. In the semiconductor era, Taiwan and South Korea produce 100% of the most ...
Sensors can be constructed to detect changes in capacitance caused by changes in the relative permittivity. Most of this change is due to effects of temperature and humidity as the barometric pressure is fairly stable. Using the capacitance change, along with the measured temperature, the relative humidity can be obtained using engineering ...
In high voltage systems containing transformers and capacitors, liquid insulator oil is the typical method used for preventing arcs. The oil replaces air in spaces that must support significant voltage without electrical breakdown. Other high voltage system insulation materials include ceramic or glass wire holders, gas, vacuum, and simply ...
Organic semiconductors can be characterized by UV-photoemission spectroscopy. The equivalent technique for electron states is inverse photoemission. [27] To measure the mobility of charge carriers, the traditional technique is the so-called time of flight (TOF) method. This technique requires relatively thick samples; it is not applicable to ...
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