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In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition (A E) reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound containing a double or triple bond has a π bond broken, with the formation of two new σ bonds. [1] The driving force for this reaction is the formation of an electrophile X + that forms a covalent bond with an electron-rich ...
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. [1] Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids . [ 2 ] Most electrophiles are positively charged , have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet of electrons.
On the right is an S N 2 reaction coordinate diagram. Note the decreased ΔG ‡ activation for the non-polar-solvent reaction conditions. Polar solvents stabilize the reactants to a greater extent than the non-polar-solvent conditions by solvating the negative charge on the nucleophile, making it less available to react with the electrophile.
In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N +) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’).In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.
Arrow pushing or electron pushing is a technique used to describe the progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms. [1] It was first developed by Sir Robert Robinson.In using arrow pushing, "curved arrows" or "curly arrows" are drawn on the structural formulae of reactants in a chemical equation to show the reaction mechanism.
For example, cyanide is a key catalyst in the benzoin condensation, a classical example of polarity inversion. Mechanism of the benzoin condensation The net result of the benzoin reaction is that a bond has been formed between two carbons that are normally electrophiles.
In the context of a specific chemical reaction between NH 3 and Me 3 B, a lone pair from NH 3 will form a dative bond with the empty orbital of Me 3 B to form an adduct NH 3 •BMe 3. The terminology refers to the contributions of Gilbert N. Lewis. [2] The terms nucleophile and electrophile are sometimes interchangeable with Lewis base and ...
This reaction is similar to nucleophilic aliphatic substitution where the reactant is a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The four possible electrophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanisms are S E 1, S E 2(front), S E 2(back) and S E i (Substitution Electrophilic), which are also similar to the nucleophile counterparts S N 1 and ...