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Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle [a] [b] (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.
In World War II, he at first fought against and later collaborated with the Germans by leading the government of Vichy France. Louis Franchet d'Espèrey: 1856–1942 French Known as ‘Desperate Frankie’ by the British, d'Espèrey led the famous Vardar Offensive of 1918 that captured much of the Balkans and knocked Bulgaria out of the war.
Guard (Vichy France) Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon. Service du travail obligatoire - the provision of French citizens as forced labour in Germany. Axis occupation of France: German occupation of France during World War II - 1940–1944 in the northern zones, and 1942–1944 in the southern zone. The Holocaust in France.
The French people at the time distinguished between Israélites (a polite term in French) who were "properly" assimilated French Jews and the Juifs (formerly a derogatory term in French, nowadays the standard name for Jewish people) who were the "foreign" and "unassimilated" Jews who were widely seen as criminals from abroad living in slums in ...
Vichy France (French: Régime de Vichy, lit. 'Vichy regime'; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established after the French capitulation after the defeat against Germany.
Name (Birth–Death) Term of office; Electoral mandates Time in office Political party 18 Charles de Gaulle [25] (1890–1970) 8 January 1959 28 April 1969 10 years, 110 days Union for the New Republic (renamed Union of Democrats for the Fifth Republic in 1967) 1958, 1965: Leader of the Free French Forces, 1940–1944.
The Francs-tireurs et partisans français [a] (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃ tiʁœʁ e paʁtizɑ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛ], FTPF), or commonly the Francs-tireurs et partisans (FTP), was an armed resistance organization created by leaders of the French Communist Party during World War II (1939–45).
Gertrude Mary Lindell (11 September 1895 – 8 January 1987), [1] Comtesse de Milleville, code named Marie-Claire and Comtesse de Moncy, was an English woman, a front-line nurse in World War I and a member of the French Resistance in World War II.