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The chemical chameleon is a redox reaction, well known from classroom demonstrations, that exploits the dramatic color changes associated with the various oxidation states of manganese. [1][2] Glauber reported the first description of the production of potassium permanganate when he noted that manganese dioxide (as the mineral pyrolusite) could ...
A C-119 Flying Boxcar, the type of plane used to release the chemicals. Operation LAC (Large Area Coverage) was a United States Army Chemical Corps operation which dispersed microscopic zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) particles over much of the United States and Canada in order to test dispersal patterns and the geographic range of chemical or biological weapons.
The Old Nassau reaction or Halloween reaction is a chemical clock reaction in which a clear solution turns orange and then black. This reaction was discovered by two undergraduate students at Princeton University researching the inhibition of the iodine clock reaction (or Landolt reaction) by Hg 2+, resulting in the formation of orange HgI 2.
Johari–Goldstein relaxation, also known as the JG β-relaxation, is a universal property of glasses and certain other disordered materials. Proposed in 1969 [1] by Martin Goldstein, JG β-relaxation were described as a secondary relaxation mechanism required to explain the viscosity behavior of liquids approaching the glass transition in the potential energy landscape picture presented in ...
A stirred BZ reaction mixture showing changes in color over time. The discovery of the phenomenon is credited to Boris Belousov.In 1951, while trying to find the non-organic analog to the Krebs cycle, he noted that in a mix of potassium bromate, cerium(IV) sulfate, malonic acid, and citric acid in dilute sulfuric acid, the ratio of concentration of the cerium(IV) and cerium(III) ions ...
Iodine clock reaction (persulfate variation) The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. [1] The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species (iodide ion, free iodine, or ...
The chemical reactions and mechanism in the blue bottle experiment rely on the oxidation of a sugar with the aid of air and a redox dye in a basic solution. Other variations of this reaction have been reported that use four families of redox dyes: thiazines , oxazines , azines , and indigo carmine have all been reported to work with glucose and ...
The " Barking Dog " is an exothermic chemical reaction that results from the ignition of a mixture of carbon disulfide and nitrous oxide. [1] When ignited in a cylindrical tube, the reaction produces a bright flash and a loud "woof" - reminiscent of a barking dog. In simple terms, the 'Barking Dog' reaction is a combustion process, in which a ...