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  2. Dissociation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)

    Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid dissolves in water, a covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom is broken by ...

  3. Self-ionization of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-ionization_of_water

    e. The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H 2 O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH −.

  4. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma.

  5. Solvation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvation

    The solvation process will be thermodynamically favored only if the overall Gibbs energy of the solution is decreased, compared to the Gibbs energy of the separated solvent and solid (or gas or liquid). This means that the change in enthalpy minus the change in entropy (multiplied by the absolute temperature) is a negative value, or that the ...

  6. Absorption (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(chemistry)

    IUPAC definition. absorption: 1) The process of one material (absorbate) being retained by another (absorbent); this may be the physical solution of a gas, liquid, or solid in a liquid, attachment of molecules of a gas, vapour, liquid, or dissolved substance to a solid surface by physical forces, etc. In spectrophotometry, absorption of light ...

  7. Electrolyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolyte

    Electrolyte. For the R.E.M. song, see Electrolite. An electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity through the movement of ions, but not through the movement of electrons. [1][2][3] This includes most soluble salts, acids, and bases, dissolved in a polar solvent like water. Upon dissolving, the substance separates into cations and ...

  8. Hydrogen chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride

    Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected by a polar covalent bond. The chlorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, which makes this bond polar. Consequently, the molecule has a large dipole moment with a negative partial charge (δ−) at the chlorine atom ...

  9. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    Water (H2O) is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound [ 19 ] and is described as the "universal solvent " [ 20 ] and the "solvent of life". [ 21 ]

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