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The third pouch possesses dorsal and ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is cranial nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.
The first pharyngeal arch, also mandibular arch (corresponding to the first branchial arch of fish), is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops during the fourth week of development. [10] It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove .
Pattern of the pharyngeal arches. I-IV pharyngeal arches, 1–4 pharyngeal pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Tuberculum laterale b Tuberculum impar c Foramen cecum d Ductus thyreoglossus e Sinus cervicalis. The pharyngeal apparatus is an embryological structure. [1] [2] It consists of: pharyngeal grooves (from ectoderm)
The first pharyngeal groove produces the external auditory meatus (ear canal). [2] The rest (2, 3, and 4) are overlapped by the growing second pharyngeal arch, and form the floor of the depression termed the cervical sinus, which opens ventrally, and is finally obliterated.
The branchial system is typically used for respiration and/or feeding. Many fish have modified posterior gill arches into pharyngeal jaws , often equipped with specialized pharyngeal teeth for handling particular prey items (long, sharp teeth in carnivorous moray eels compared to broad, crushing teeth in durophagous black carp).
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Scheme showing development of branchial epithelial bodies from the thoracic cavity of the fetus. I, II, III, IV. Branchial pouches. The thymocytes and the epithelium of the thymus have different developmental origins. [4] The epithelium of the thymus develops first, appearing as two outgrowths, one on either side, of the third pharyngeal pouch. [4]