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The second variation used a vertical cylindrical breech block, stored powder beneath the lock, and had a capacity of up to 10 shots. [1] These guns had a removable cap over the breech, allowing the breech to be easily cleaned. [1] An additional variation of the Kalthoff used a cylindrical breech that rotated on an axis parallel to the bore. [6]
Breech-loading firearms are known from the 16th century. Henry VIII possessed one, which he apparently used as a hunting gun to shoot birds. [5] Meanwhile, in China, an early form of breech-loading musket, known as the Che Dian Chong, was known to have been created in the second half of the 16th century for the Ming dynasty's arsenals. [6]
The Cookson flintlock rifle, a lever-action breech-loading repeater, also known as the Cookson gun, is one of many similar designs to appear beginning in the 17th century.. The Victoria & Albert Museum in London has a Cookson Gun, dating to 1690
The flintlock Kalthoff repeaters by Mathias Kalthoff, circa. 1656–1694, at Livrustkammaren. A repeating firearm or repeater is any firearm (either a handgun or long gun) that is designed for multiple, repeated firings before the gun has to be reloaded with new ammunition.
The Ferguson rifle was one of the first breech-loading rifles to be put into service by the British military. It was designed by Major Patrick Ferguson (1744–1780). It fired a standard British carbine ball of .615" calibre and was used by the British Army in the American Revolutionary War at the Battle of Brandywine in 1777, and possibly at the Siege of Charleston in 1780.
The development of breech-loading firearms using self-contained cartridges (introduced by Casimir Lefaucheux in 1835) and the first reliable repeating rifles produced by Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1860 also led to their demise. [4] By the time that repeating rifles became common, they were known as simply "rifles", ending the era of ...
have reliable ignition, with the means of the caplock mechanism (earlier muskets had been equipped with the flintlock mechanism); be quicker to load than the musket, and therefore be a breech loader; and; be more accurate than the old smoothbore muskets. The end result was that a modern, breech-loading rifle was approved for use on the 18 May 1842.
Springfield Model 1866 breech. The Springfield Model 1866 was the second iteration of the Allin-designed trapdoor breech-loading mechanism. Originally developed as a means of converting rifle muskets to breechloaders, the Allin modification ultimately became the basis for the definitive Springfield Model 1873, the first breech-loading rifle adopted by the United States War Department for ...