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A monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms with different variations at one genetic locus of interest. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The character(s) being studied in a monohybrid cross are governed by two or multiple variations for a single location of a gene.
The forked-line method (also known as the tree method and the branching system) can also solve dihybrid and multi-hybrid crosses. A problem is converted to a series of monohybrid crosses, and the results are combined in a tree. However, a tree produces the same result as a Punnett square in less time and with more clarity.
In conducting a monohybrid cross, Mendel initiated the experiment with a pair of pea plants exhibiting contrasting traits, one being tall and the other dwarf. Through cross-pollination, the resulting offspring plants manifested the tall trait. These first-generation hybrids were termed F1, with their offspring referred to as Filial or F1 progeny.
Mules and hinnies are examples of reciprocal hybrids. Kunga, a cross between a donkey and a Syrian wild ass. Zebroids. Zeedonk or zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross. Zorse, a zebra/horse cross; Zony or zetland, a zebra/pony cross ("zony" is a generic term; "zetland" is specifically a hybrid of the Shetland pony breed with a zebra) Superfamily ...
Mendel found support for this law in his dihybrid cross experiments. In his monohybrid crosses, an idealized 3:1 ratio between dominant and recessive phenotypes resulted. In dihybrid crosses, however, he found a 9:3:3:1 ratios. This shows that each of the two alleles is inherited independently from the other, with a 3:1 phenotypic ratio for each.
It is the cross that could be made either way or independent of the sex of the parents. For example, suppose a biologist wished to identify whether a hypothetical allele Z, a variant of some gene A, is on the male or female sex chromosome. They might first cross a Z-trait female with an A-trait male and observe the offspring.
F1 crosses in animals can be between two inbred lines or between two closely related species or subspecies. In fish such as cichlids , the term F1 cross is used for crosses between two different wild-caught individuals that are assumed to be from different genetic lines.
As an example of this, a crossing of a red flower variety with a white variety of the same species would yield pink-flowered offspring. Charles Darwin 's theory of inheritance by pangenesis , with contributions to egg or sperm from every part of the body, implied blending inheritance.