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Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note. The numerals and symbols (often accidentals ) indicate intervals , chords , and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano , harpsichord , organ , or lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) should play in relation to ...
For instance, the interval from C 4 to C 5 is a perfect octave, twelve semitones wide, and both the intervals from C ♯ 4 to C 5 and from C 4 to C ♭ 5 are diminished octaves, spanning eleven semitones. Being diminished, it is considered a dissonant interval. [3] The diminished octave is enharmonically equivalent to the major seventh.
However, this does not mean that these notes must be played within an octave of the root, nor the extended notes in seventh chords should be played outside of the octave, although it is commonly the case. 6 is particularly common in a minor sixth chord (also known as minor/major sixth chord, as the 6 refers to a major sixth interval).
A "15" below indicates a two-octave shift. These numbers may also be used above the clef to indicate pitches one or two octaves higher. A treble clef with an eight below is the most common version, typically used in music for guitar or tenor voice. Sometimes a shift of one octave up is indicated by drawing two clefs instead of one. On a 5-line ...
96-button Stradella bass layout on an accordion. C is in the middle of the root note row. The Stradella Bass System (sometimes called [1] standard bass) is a buttonboard layout equipped on the bass side of many accordions, which uses columns of buttons arranged in a circle of fifths; this places the principal major chords of a key (I, IV and V) in three adjacent columns.
The beta chord may be created from a diminished seventh chord by adding a diminished octave. It may be created from a major chord by adding the sharpened root (solfege: in C, di is C ♯: C ♯, E, G, C ♮), [62] or from a diminished triad by adding the root's major 7th (called a diminished major 7th, or C# o Maj7.
An interval is inverted by raising or lowering either of the notes by one or more octaves so that the higher note becomes the lower note and vice versa. For example, the inversion of an interval consisting of a C with an E above it (the third measure below) is an E with a C above it – to work this out, the C may be moved up, the E may be lowered, or both may be moved.
The extremes of the meantone systems encountered in historical practice are the Pythagorean tuning, where the whole tone corresponds to 9:8, i.e. (3:2) 2 / 2 , the mean of the major third (3:2) 4 / 4 , and the fifth (3:2) is not tempered; and the 1 ⁄ 3-comma meantone, where the fifth is tempered to the extent that three ...