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Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs. [1] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and are potentially fatal. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 2 ] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate ; usually without a fever . [ 2 ]
Serotonin (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ n ɪ n, ˌ s ɪər ə-/) [6] [7] [8] or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Its biological function is complex, touching on diverse functions including mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction.
Lithium toxicity, also known as lithium overdose, is the condition of having too much lithium. Symptoms may include a tremor, increased reflexes, trouble walking, kidney problems, and an altered level of consciousness. Some symptoms may last for a year after levels return to normal. Complications may include serotonin syndrome. [1]
Symptoms caused by excessive adrenergic signalling can occur alongside those of serotonergic signalling. Abnormal echocardiograms or chest pain are indicative of adrenergic storm. [ 23 ] On the other hand, uncontrollable slow, rhythmic, or jerky movements, contractions and tension—often in every part of the body, dangerously high fever , eye ...
Symptoms may occur because concentrations of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and serotonin, are insufficient, leading to downstream changes. [ 10 ] [ 25 ] Medications for depression affect the transmission of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. [ 10 ]
The combination of dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin is already pretty dreamy, but the brain takes that natural high to the next level when you reach the big O by releasing endogenous (i.e., made ...
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine (Effexor), its active metabolite desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), and duloxetine (Cymbalta) prevent the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, however their efficacy appears to be only marginally greater than the SSRIs.
While MAOIs, TCAs and SSRIs increase serotonin levels, others prevent serotonin from binding to 5-HT 2A receptors, suggesting it is too simplistic to say serotonin is a "happy neurotransmitter". In fact, when the former antidepressants build up in the bloodstream and the serotonin level is increased, it is common for the patient to feel worse ...