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Disinformation attacks involve the intentional spreading of false information, with end goals of misleading, confusing, and encouraging violence, [24] and gaining money, power, or reputation. [25] Disinformation attacks may involve political, economic, and individual actors.
Disinformation attacks are media campaigns that deliberately disseminate incorrect information through public media channels and the Internet. In many cases the goal of the disinformation attack is to confuse , paralyze, and polarize an audience .
Disinformation on Wikipedia is the practice of intentionally spreading false information for the purpose of deception and to promote discord. It concerns state-sponsored efforts such as by so-called " Russian troll " accounts, and other countries known to use social media and other outlets for the spread of disinformation.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
The following is a list of websites, separated by country and sub-categorized by region or disinformation campaign, that have both been considered by journalists and researchers as distributing false news - or otherwise participating in disinformation - and have been designated by journalists and researchers as likely being linked to political actors.
Misinformation and disinformation involving the distribution of false, inaccurate or otherwise misleading information has been a prominent and ubiquitous feature of the Gaza war. [1] Much of the content has been viral in nature, spreading online with tens of millions of posts in circulation on social media.
Disinformation has evolved and grown over the years, with the advent of online platforms, which facilitate the speed of transmission. Research indicates there is evidence to demonstrate that misinformation circulates at a faster rate than accurate facts, and to some degree due to the emotional and sensationalized presentation of the lie. [ 49 ]
The tactics that are used against journalists are also being used against Wikipedia editors. [103] [104] [105] Disinformation attacks on Wikipedia itself attempt to undermine its credibility. [106] [107] [108] Wikimedia Foundation Human Rights Team Publications [109] [110] Human Rights/Digital Security Resources, Meta Wiki [111]