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  2. Suzerainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzerainty

    Suzerainty (/ ˈ s uː z ər ə n t i,-r ɛ n t i /) includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

  3. Vassal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal

    A vassal [1] or liege subject [2] is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain.

  4. Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary...

    Some states within the eyalet system included sancakbeys who were local to their sanjak or who inherited their position (e.g., Samtskhe, some Kurdish sanjaks), areas that were permitted to elect their own leaders (e.g., areas of Albania, Epirus, and Morea (Mani Peninsula) was nominally a part of Aegean Islands Province but Maniot beys were tributary vassals of the Porte, or de facto ...

  5. Vassal state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal_state

    A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China.

  6. Protectorate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate

    [2] [3] [4] In exchange, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations depending on the terms of their arrangement. [4] Usually protectorates are established de jure by a treaty . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Under certain conditions—as with Egypt under British rule (1882–1914)—a state can also be labelled as a de facto protectorate or a veiled ...

  7. Quizlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quizlet

    Quizlet was founded in October 2005 by Andrew Sutherland, who at the time was a 15-year old student, [2] and released to the public in January 2007. [3] Quizlet's primary products include digital flash cards , matching games , practice electronic assessments , and live quizzes.

  8. Biological system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_system

    The notion of system (or apparatus) relies upon the concept of vital or organic function: [2] a system is a set of organs with a definite function. This idea was already present in Antiquity (Galen, Aristotle), but the application of the term "system" is more recent.

  9. Ecclesiastical fief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_fief

    The suzerain, e.g. bishop, abbot, or other possessor, granted an estate in perpetuity to a person, who thereby became his vassal. As such, the grantee at his enfeoffment did homage to his overlord, took an oath of fealty , and made offering of the prescribed money or other object, by reason of which he held his fief.