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Food rheology is the study of the rheological properties of food, that is, the consistency and flow of food under tightly specified conditions. [1] The consistency, degree of fluidity , and other mechanical properties are important in understanding how long food can be stored, how stable it will remain, and in determining food texture.
Soil particle density is lower for soils with high organic matter content, [45] and is higher for soils with high iron-oxides content. [46] Soil bulk density is equal to the dry mass of the soil divided by the volume of the soil; i.e., it includes air space and organic materials of the soil volume.
As meat cooks, the iron atom loses an electron, moving to a +3 oxidation state and coordinating with a water molecule (H 2 O ), which causes the meat to turn brown. Searing raises the meat's surface temperature to 150 °C (302 °F), yielding browning via the caramelization of sugars and the Maillard reaction of amino acids.
Controlling the production process in combination with the characterization of texture and the material's microstructure help to determine the materials properties, i.e. the processing-microstructure-texture-property relationship. [2] [3] [4] Also, geologic rocks show texture due to their thermo-mechanic history of formation processes.
Polymers represent another large area in which thermal analysis finds strong applications. Thermoplastic polymers are commonly found in everyday packaging and household items, but for the analysis of the raw materials, effects of the many additive used (including stabilisers and colours) and fine-tuning of the moulding or extrusion processing used can be achieved by using differential scanning ...
Food moisture analysis is the determination of the concentration of water in a food sample. A variety of techniques may be used including Karl Fischer titration and loss on drying. Many technical standards exist which define test methods for determining moisture in different types of food.
Intermediate moisture foods (IMF) are shelf-stable products that have water activities of 0.6-0.85, with a moisture content ranging from 15% - 40% and are edible without rehydration. [1] These food products are below the minimum water activity for most bacteria (0.90), but are susceptible to yeast and mold growth .
Foods described as crisp tend not to show signs of deformation prior to fracture. Crispiness and crunchiness are often used interchangeably, however crispiness tends to be associated with a higher pitched sound, while crunchiness is associated with lower pitched sounds; however, this type of level of heating in cooking generally has a soft ...