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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania / t aɪ ˈ t eɪ n i ə /, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO 2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. [4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear ...
The chloride process is used to separate titanium from its ores. The goal of the process is to win high purity titanium dioxide from ores such as ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) and rutile (TiO 2 ). The strategy exploits the volatility of TiCl 4 , which is readily purified and converted to the dioxide.
Station for complex water treatment SKO-10K. One of the first steps in most conventional water purification processes is the addition of chemicals to assist in the removal of particles suspended in water. Particles can be inorganic such as clay and silt or organic such as algae, bacteria, viruses, protozoa and natural organic matter.
This form of gypsum is contaminated by impurities found in the rock, namely fluoride, silica, radioactive elements such as radium, and heavy metal elements such as cadmium. [31] Similarly, production of titanium dioxide produces titanium gypsum (TG) due to neutralization of excess acid with lime. The product is contaminated with silica ...
The coagulation-flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Iron and aluminium salts are the most widely used coagulants but salts of other metals such as titanium and zirconium have been found to be highly effective as well. [1] [2]
Currently nanotechnology plays a vital role in water purification techniques. Nanotechnology is the process of manipulating atoms on a nanoscale. [ 1 ] In nanotechnology, nanomembranes are used with the purpose of softening the water and removal of contaminants such as physical, biological and chemical contaminants.
Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.
Phosphogypsum is a by-product from the production of phosphoric acid by treating phosphate ore with sulfuric acid according to the following reaction: . Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 X + 5 H 2 SO 4 + 10 H 2 O → 3 H 3 PO 4 + 5 (CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O) + HX