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Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros ' red ') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation .
Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source. [ 14 ] Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses , as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances, melanonychia and racquet nails ).
Urticaria are characterized by dermal edema (wheal, swollen) and erythema (flare, red), [2] also known as hives. [5] Hive lesions typically last less than 24 hours and are usually itchy (pruritic). [2] Hives can appear anywhere on the body and they may change shape, move around, disappear and reappear over short periods of time. [5]
Erythema annulare centrifugum; Erythema chronicum migrans; Erythema gyratum repens; Erythema marginatum; Erythema multiforme; Erythema multiforme minor; Erythema nodosum; Erythema nodosum et multiforme; Erythema perstans; Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
Erythema multiforme minor—typical targets or raised, edematous papules distributed acrally; Erythema multiforme major—typical targets or raised, edematous papules distributed acrally with involvement of one or more mucous membranes; epidermal detachment involves less than 10% of total body surface area
Necrobiosis is the physiological death of a cell, and can be caused by conditions such as basophilia, erythema, or a tumor. It is identified both with [ 1 ] and without necrosis . Necrobiotic disorders are characterized by presence of necrobiotic granuloma on histopathology.
The first outbreak of urticaria can lead to other reactions on body parts not directly stimulated, scraped, or scratched. In a normal case, the swelling will decrease without treatment within 15–30 minutes, but, in extreme cases, itchy red welts may last anywhere from a few hours to days.
Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema, also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia or hand-foot syndrome is reddening, swelling, numbness and desquamation (skin sloughing or peeling) on palms of the hands and soles of the feet (and, occasionally, on the knees, elbows, and elsewhere) that can occur after chemotherapy in patients with cancer.