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Many Communist parties around the world either collapsed, or became independent non-Communist entities. However, China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam and Cuba maintained Communist Party states. After 1980, China adopted a market-oriented economy that welcomed large-scale trade and friendly relations with the United States.
The aftermath of the First World War in Italy resulted in great levels of unemployment and an economic crisis. For example, by the end of 1920, the Italian lira was worth only one-quarter of its 1914 value and in the first half of 1921, the cost of living for an average working-class family was 560% higher than it had been in 1914. [ 11 ]
Biennio Rosso was a two-year period between 1919 and 1920. After the First World War, it had a great impact on Italian and European socialism, and there were a great number of intense social conflicts in Italy during that time. [1] During this period, conflicts between reformists and communist wings of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) occurred ...
The Italian Communist Party (Italian: Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (Italian: Partito Comunista d'Italia, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), [1] under the leadership of Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, and Nicola ...
After the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, between Germany on the one side and France, Italy, Britain and other minor allied powers on the other, officially ended war between those countries. Other treaties ended the relationships of the United States and the other Central Powers.
Politically, the era coincided with the rise of communism, starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War, at the end of WWI, and ended with the rise of fascism, particularly in Germany and Italy.
The following communist states were socialist states committed to communism. Some were short-lived and preceded the widespread adoption of Marxism–Leninism by most communist states. Russia. Chita Republic (1905–1906) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991) Amur Socialist Soviet Republic (1918)
The Italian Communist Party, after the rise of fascism, dedicated his agenda in opposing every imperialist and aggressive politics guided by Mussolini. It formed the Garibaldi Battallion , which served in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) defending the Spanish Republic .