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Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
The EPA limits the total concentration of the four chief constituents (chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane), referred to as total trihalomethanes (TTHM), to 80 parts per billion in treated water. [6] Traces of chloroform are produced in swimming pools. [7] [8] [9] [10]
These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact that there are alternative water based, non-toxic heavy liquids like sodium polytungstate solutions. [1] With this relatively new heavy liquid densities up to 3.1 g·cm −3 can be adjusted . Adding parts of pulverulent tungsten carbide increases the density to 4.6 g·cm −3. [2]
In late 2024, Bovaer, a nitrate-based feed additive that doesn’t contain bromoform, was at the center of a social media storm in the UK after Arla, one of the largest dairy companies in the ...
Bromomethane was once used in specialty fire extinguishers, prior to the advent of less toxic halons, as it is electrically non-conductive and leaves no residue. It was used primarily for electrical substations, military aircraft, and other industrial hazards. It was never as popular as other agents due to its high cost and toxicity.
Toxicity. Animal tests indicate low toxicity. [5] Little is known about chronic effects. [6] [7] For liver toxicity, the 3,4-epoxide is a proposed intermediate. [8]
The essential oil of the Hawaiian alga Asparagopsis taxiformis consists of 80% bromoform. [77] Most of such organobromine compounds in the sea are made by the action of a unique algal enzyme, vanadium bromoperoxidase. [78] The bromide anion is not very toxic: a normal daily intake is 2 to 8 milligrams. [75]
Representative agents include bromoform and dibromodimethylhydantoin ("DBDMH"). [7] Some herbicides, such as bromoxynil , contain also bromine moieties. Like other halogenated pesticides , bromoxynil is subject to reductive dehalogenation under anaerobic conditions, and can be debrominated by organisms originally isolated for their ability to ...