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Best practices require that wherever and however certificate status is maintained, it must be checked whenever one wants to rely on a certificate. Failing this, a revoked certificate may be incorrectly accepted as valid. This means that to use a PKI effectively, one must have access to current CRLs.
Holder: the holder of the certificate. Issuer: the issuer of the certificate. Signature algorithm: the algorithm by which the certificate is signed. Serial number: the unique issuance number given by the issuer. Validity period: the validity period of the certificate. Attributes: the attributes associated to the certificate holder.
The domain names operated by the natural or legal person to whom the certificate is issued. Certificate’s period of validity. The certificate identity code, which must be unique for the qualified trust service provider. The advanced electronic signature or advanced electronic seal of the issuing qualified trust service provider.
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Certificate revocation is "an important tool" for dealing with attacks and accidental compromises. RFC 9325 places a normative requirement on TLS implementations to have some means of distrusting certificates. [9]
A certificate chain (see the equivalent concept of "certification path" defined by RFC 5280 section 3.2) is a list of certificates (usually starting with an end-entity certificate) followed by one or more CA certificates (usually the last one being a self-signed certificate), with the following properties:
An Extended Validation (EV) Certificate is a certificate conforming to X.509 that proves the legal entity of the owner and is signed by a certificate authority key that can issue EV certificates. EV certificates can be used in the same manner as any other X.509 certificates, including securing web communications with HTTPS and signing software ...
In public key infrastructure, a validation authority (VA) is an entity that provides a service used to verify the validity or revocation status of a digital certificate per the mechanisms described in the X.509 standard and RFC 5280 (page 69). [1]