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Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
Sodium atoms have 11 electrons, one more than the stable configuration of the noble gas neon. As a result, sodium usually forms ionic compounds involving the Na + cation. [1] Sodium is a reactive alkali metal and is much more stable in ionic compounds. It can also form intermetallic compounds and organosodium compounds.
The hydroxide ion appears to rotate freely in crystals of the heavier alkali metal hydroxides at higher temperatures so as to present itself as a spherical ion, with an effective ionic radius of about 153 pm. [38] Thus, the high-temperature forms of KOH and NaOH have the sodium chloride structure, [39] which gradually freezes in a ...
X-ray spectrometer developed by W. H. Bragg. In 1913 the structure of sodium chloride was determined by William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg. [2] [3] [4] This revealed that there were six equidistant nearest-neighbours for each atom, demonstrating that the constituents were not arranged in molecules or finite aggregates, but instead as a network with long-range crystalline ...
Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Among many other useful sodium compounds, sodium hydroxide is used in soap manufacture, and sodium chloride (edible salt) is a de-icing agent and a nutrient for animals including humans. Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants.
Sodium deuteroxide or deuterated sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na O D or NaO 2 H. IUPAC recommends that the symbol for deuterium should be 2 H, [2] although most chemists use the term NaOD. It is a white solid very similar to sodium hydroxide, of which it is an isotopologue.
Tetrasodium EDTA is the salt resulting from the neutralization of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with four equivalents of sodium hydroxide (or an equivalent sodium base). It is a white solid that is highly soluble in water. Commercial samples are often hydrated, e.g. Na 4 EDTA. 4H 2 O. The properties of solutions produced from the anhydrous ...
Monosodium acetylide, also known as sodium hydrogen acetylide, is an organosodium compound with the formula NaC≡CH. It is a sodium salt of acetylene, consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydrogen acetylide anions − C≡CH. It is a derived from acetylene by deprotonation using a sodium base, typically sodium amide. [2] HC≡CH + NaNH 2 → ...