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  2. Operating system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

    The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.

  3. List of operating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operating_systems

    This is a list of operating systems. Computer operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other ...

  4. Computer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

    The term computer system may refer to a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system, software, and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation; or to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.

  5. Glossary of operating systems terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_operating...

    kernel: In computing, the kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of a computer. The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system.

  6. Shell (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)

    In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation. It is named a shell because it is the outermost layer ...

  7. Operating environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_environment

    In computer software, an operating environment or integrated applications environment is the environment in which users run application software.The environment consists of a user interface provided by an applications manager and usually an application programming interface (API) to the applications manager.

  8. Information system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system

    In modern information systems, data are generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them. In pre-computer information systems, the data were generally stored in human-readable form. Procedures: Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of an information system. "Procedures are to people what ...

  9. Timeline of operating systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_operating_systems

    Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present) Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s