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Here, the electric quadrupole interaction is due to the 14 N-nucleus, the hyperfine nuclear spin-spin splitting is from the magnetic coupling between nitrogen, 14 N (I N = 1), and hydrogen, 1 H (I H = 1 ⁄ 2), and a hydrogen spin-rotation interaction due to the 1 H-nucleus. These contributing interactions to the hyperfine structure in the ...
The pair (P, η) defines the structure of an affine geometry on M, making it into an affine manifold. The affine Lie algebra aff(n) splits as a semidirect product of R n and gl(n) and so η may be written as a pair (θ, ω) where θ takes values in R n and ω takes values in gl(n).
Concentrated solar power can achieve the high temperatures necessary to split water. Hydrosol-2 is a 100-kilowatt pilot plant at the Plataforma Solar de Almería in Spain which uses sunlight to obtain the required 800 to 1,200 °C (1,070 to 1,470 K; 1,470 to 2,190 °F) to split water. Hydrosol II has been in operation since 2008.
The Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) is a numerical method used to solve the advection equation in computational fluid dynamics. It is particularly useful for simulating compressible flows with shocks and discontinuities. The AUSM is developed as a numerical inviscid flux function for solving a general system of conservation equations.
Malvin Ruderman and Charles Kittel of the University of California, Berkeley first proposed the model to explain unusually broad nuclear spin resonance lines in natural metallic silver. The theory is an indirect exchange coupling : the hyperfine interaction couples the nuclear spin of one atom to a conduction electron also coupled to the spin ...
It is induced, in a canonical manner, from the affine connection. It can also be regarded as the gauge field generated by local Lorentz transformations . In some canonical formulations of general relativity, a spin connection is defined on spatial slices and can also be regarded as the gauge field generated by local rotations .
In quantum optics, the Jaynes–Cummings model (sometimes abbreviated JCM) is a theoretical model that describes the system of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized mode of an optical cavity (or a bosonic field), with or without the presence of light (in the form of a bath of electromagnetic radiation that can cause spontaneous emission ...
A water model is defined by its geometry, together with other parameters such as the atomic charges and Lennard-Jones parameters. In computational chemistry, a water model is used to simulate and thermodynamically calculate water clusters, liquid water, and aqueous solutions with explicit solvent, often using molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods.