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Nanoscale iron particles are sub-micrometer particles of iron metal. [1] Due to their high catalytic activity, low toxicity, and strong adsorption capacity, iron-based nanoparticles are widely utilized in drug delivery, magnetic targeting, gene therapy, and environmental remediation. [2]
Labelling cells (e.g. stem cells, dendritic cells) with iron oxide nanoparticles is an interesting new tool to monitor such labelled cells in real time by magnetic resonance tomography. [13] [14] Some forms of Iron oxide nanoparticle have been found to be toxic and cause transcriptional reprogramming. [15] [16]
Zinc hydroxide Zn 2 is an inorganic chemical compound. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite (orthorhombic), ashoverite and sweetite (both tetragonal). Like the hydroxides of other metals, such as lead , aluminium , beryllium , tin and chromium , Zinc hydroxide (and Zinc oxide ), is amphoteric .
Nanoscale Fe. In addition to using macroscale iron in PRBs, nanoparticles (1-100 nm diameter) of zerovalent iron (nZVI) are effective. [2] Zn. Zinc has showed much higher reactivity toward pentachlorophenol than iron. This indicates that zinc may be used as a replacement for ZVI in dechlorinating chlorinated phenols.
Nanoparticles can also be functionalized with polymers or oligomers to sterically stabilize the nanoparticles by providing a protective layer that prevents the nanoparticles from interacting with each other. [8] Alloys of two metals, called bimetallic nanoparticles, are used to create synergistic effects on catalysis between the two metals. [9]
Zinc oxide, ZnO, is the most important manufactured compound of zinc, with a wide variety of uses. [2] It crystallizes with the Wurtzite structure. It is amphoteric, dissolving in acids to give the aqueous Zn 2+ ion and in alkali to give the zincate (a.k.a. tetrahydroxozincate) ion, [Zn(OH) 4] 2−. Zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH) 2 is also amphoteric.
The liquid alloy, which includes zinc, is attached to nucleated seeds made usually of gold or silica. The alloy absorbs the oxygen vapor and saturates, facilitating a chemical reaction between zinc and oxygen. The nanostructure develops as the ZnO solidifies and grows outwards from the gold seed.
By linking metal ions (typically zinc or cobalt) with imidazolate linkers, ZIFs achieved the zeolite-like topology while maintaining the modularity and versatility of MOF chemistry. This innovation significantly broadened the potential applications of porous materials in areas such as gas storage, separation, and catalysis.