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[2] [3] MiR-1 is known to play an important role in heart diseases such as hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. [4] [5] [6] Studies have shown that MiR-1 is an important regulator of heart adaption after ischemia or ischaemic stress and it is upregulated in the remote myocardium of patients with myocardial infarction. [7]
For example, the pre-miRNAs hsa-mir-194-1 and hsa-mir-194-2 lead to an identical mature miRNA (hsa-miR-194) but are from genes located in different genome regions. Species of origin is designated with a three-letter prefix, e.g., hsa-miR-124 is a human ( Homo sapiens ) miRNA and oar-miR-124 is a sheep ( Ovis aries ) miRNA.
[1] One mir-2 microRNA in Drosophila, dme-miR-2a-2 , is two nucleotides offset with respect to the canonical products of other mir-2 precursors. [5] This is likely to affect the function of that particular microRNA. This functional shift is associated to a change in the genomic distribution of mir-2 sequences in Drosophila.
That is, until Ruvkun discovered another microRNA in 2000: this time one that also appeared in mice, other animals and, importantly, humans. The future of microRNA
miR-101 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression. Expression of miR-101 has been validated in both human (MI0000103, MI0000739) [1] and mouse . [2] This microRNA appears to be specific to the vertebrates and has now been predicted or confirmed in a wide range of vertebrate species (MIPF0000046).
The mir-BHRF1-2 microRNA precursor found in human herpesvirus 4 (Epstein–Barr virus), cercopithicine herpesvirus 15 and herpesvirus papio. In Epstein-Barr virus, mir-BHRF1-2 is found in the 3' UTR of the BHRF1 (Bam HI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1) gene, which is known to encode a distant Bcl-2 homolog.
The miR-15 microRNA precursor family is made up of small non-coding RNA genes that regulate gene expression. The family includes the related mir-15a and mir-15b sequences, as well as miR-16-1, miR-16-2, miR-195 and miR-497. These six highly conserved miRNAs are clustered on three separate chromosomes. [1]
mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA. [1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells. [2] [3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA. [4] [2] Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.